Words

noun

1. book; volume; script

   昨日はその本を８０ページまで読んだ。

   I read the book up to page 80 yesterday.

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prefix

1. this; present; current; ... in question; ... at issue

   性能のよさとデザインの優美さが両々相まって本機種の声価を高めてきた。

   The high performance and the elegant design of this model have combined to give it a high reputation.

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2. main; head; principal
3. real; genuine; regular; proper

counter

1. counter for long, thin objects (sticks, tubes, strings, bottles, pillars, rivers, rail lines, etc.)

   ウイスキーを１本持っています。

   I have a bottle of whiskey.

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2. counter for films, TV shows, etc.
3. counter for telephone calls, letters, and emails
4. counter for goals, home runs, etc.

   sports

5. counter for rounds or points (in judo, kendo, etc.)

   martial arts

noun

1. origin; source; beginning

   esp. 元

   憲政の危機が始まったのは、このような状況のもとであった。

   It was under these circumstances that the constitutional crisis began.

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   やってしまったことは元に戻らない。

   What is done cannot be undone.

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2. basis; base; foundation; root

   oft. 基

   私たちは人をその人の人格を基に判断しようと考えるかもしれないが、それらは一見したところでははっきりわからないものである。

   Although we may intend to judge a person on the basis of his or her personal qualities, they are not visible at first sight.

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   このシステムのもとでは、生徒は交替で教えあい、お互いに助け合わなければなりません。

   The basis of this system is that the students must take turns in teaching, they have to help each other.

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3. cause

   also written as 因, 原

   その事務員は過労がもとで死んだ。

   The clerk died from overwork.

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4. (raw) material; ingredient; base; mix (e.g. for a cake); (soup) stock

   esp. 素

5. root (of a plant); (tree) trunk
6. part (of a brush, chopsticks, etc.) one holds (with the hand)
7. first three lines of a waka

counter

1. counter for plants or trees
2. counter for falcons (in falconry)